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psychology/6b03bab0_3911.txt
People with a genetic polymorphism, 677C>T, in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene have a reduced ability to convert folate to one of its active forms, 5-MTHF, because the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme needed for this conversion is less active . About 25% of Hispanics, 10% of Caucasians an...
psychology/cee0b693_14229.txt
APPENDIX E - GUIDANCE TO REVISIONS TO ADA TITLE II AND TITLE III REGULATIONS REVISING THE MEANING AND INTERPRETATION OF THE DEFINITION OF "DISABILITY" AND OTHER PROVISIONS IN ORDER TO INCORPORATE THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE ADA AMENDMENTS ACT For guidance providing a section-by-section analysis of the revisions to 28 CFR p...
psychology/18092_b1468aa0c324250f_107.txt
* **Cromer’s Argument:** Scientific thinking originated in ancient Greece due to a unique confluence of cultural factors. * **Factors Contributing to Objective Thinking in Greece:** 1. **The Assembly:** Fostered rational debate and persuasion. 2. **Maritime Economy:** Prevented isolation and promoted interaction with d...
psychology/8098_7cfcc716ba8e6006_232.txt
Recent influential models of audiovisual speech perception suggest that visual speech aids perception by generating predictions about the identity of upcoming speech sounds. These models place stock in the assumption that visual speech leads auditory speech in time. However, it is unclear whether and to what extent tem...
psychology/4423_432ded9961b8582f_410.txt
**Cats and Deconstruction** Add me to the list of people who have realized that the more I know people the more I love my cat. The superimposed overlay of conceptual thinking that humans are so proud of is getting annoying. I can�t bring myself to even pretend to believe the convoluted complicated restless bullshit com...
psychology/27954_6b1cdff46fca6d0c_218.txt
138 sensorineural hearing loss: spontaneous firing, synchrony, and tinnitus. Neural Comput., 18: 2942–2958. Edin, F., Macoveanu, J., Olesen, P., Tegner, J. and Klingberg, T. (2007) Stronger synpatic connectivity as a mechanism behind development of working memory-related brain activity during childhood. J. Cogn. Neurosc...
psychology/688_a31901d3e8a54a4a_739.txt
This paper proposes that the shape and parameter fits of existing probability weighting functions can be explained with sensitivity to uncertainty (as measured by information entropy) and the utility carried by reductions in uncertainty. Building on applications of information theoretic principles to models of perceptu...
psychology/3516_7890ca301aac9375_70.txt
Guardian Angel (1300CP): Doctor Angela Ziegler, also known as Mercy, was renowned as an unparalleled medical genius even in her teens, being recruited to the medical division of Overwatch before she was even 18 and becoming the head of a hospital even before that. Her medical skills have literally brought the dead back...
psychology/28344_bae4b6e571fbd82a_931.txt
We present the first dataset of fine-grained metaphor annotations for texts from online religious communication, where figurative language plays a particularly important role. In addition to binary labels, metaphors are annotated for deliberateness, that is, whether they are communicated explicitly as metaphors, and we...
psychology/17825_79a3c1200e97cfa5_81.txt
and fear will rise if a person does not feel safe and secure. Third, on the list is love and security. This is true because many people will naturally want to seek love after they have their basic needs (safety and psychological) handled. Finally, on the top of the pyramid, we have self-actualization and esteem needs. ...
psychology/1117_e1d71b09b2fb089f_200.txt
Reichenstein, I., Eitan, C., Diaz-Garcia, S., Haim, G., Magen, I., Siany, A., Hoye, M.L., Rivkin, N., Olender, T., Toth, B., Ravid, R., Mandelbaum, A.D., Yanowski, E., Liang, J., Rymer, J.K., Levy, R., Beck, G., Ainbinder, E., Farhan, S.M.K., Lennox, K.A., Bode, N.M., Behlke, M.A., Möller, T., Saxena, S., Moreno, C.A.M...
psychology/6419_dc5a4efdd1e19abc_8.txt
Two general features of the physical architecture of the skeletomotor system also present some enduring inferential challenges to surface EMG recording. First, is the sheer number of muscles. Most of the striated muscles are bilaterally symmetrical in pairs, with several hundred distinct muscles throughout the human bo...
psychology/17825_afa96079f0ca022e_235.txt
> After two decades of relative stability fueled by cheap Venezuelan oil, shortages of food and medicine have once again become a serious daily problem for millions of Cubans. A plunge in aid from Venezuela, the end of a medical services deal with Brazil, and poor performances in sectors including nickel mining, sugar,...
psychology/4423_036b5487217168b4_5.txt
I think you’ll find that your approach will have roughly the same effect to the atheist movement as swallowing a hand grenade would have to a person. People who are alienated by your “good causes” will be forced to disengage from the main body to support a myriad of more focused organizations, spattered around the gene...
psychology/3516_7ababa44691e449d_94.txt
Indeed, a growing body of research suggests that in certain circumstances, both penalties and rewards can backfire by crowding out *Homo sapiens’* intrinsic motivations and commitments to improve their behaviors, simply because the penalties and rewards are extrinsic (i.e., monetary) rather than intrinsic. For example,...
psychology/21153_13bd42798b7d02ae_81.txt
to the left stimulates the left utricle (2). This results in normal small compensatory eye movements that partially align the eyes r to the horizontal plane as a response to the head tilt; the left eye elevates and intorts, and the right eye depresses and extorts (2). A lesion of the right utricular pathway results in ...
psychology/20212_c0f182b21d0374e0_664.txt
We investigate the collective dynamics and nondegenerate parametric resonance (NPR) of coplanar, interdigitated arrays of microcantilevers distinguished by their cantilevers having linearly expanding lengths and thus varying natural frequencies. Within a certain excitation frequency range, the resonators begin oscillat...
psychology/27899_79bbfba6b1a0cbc5_12.txt
Within the global commons framing, the primary indicator of progress is the actual level of GHG emissions, and the effectiveness of policies can be measured in terms of whether such emissions rise or fall (Patt 2017; Hanna and Victor 2021). The fact that the sum of all countries’ emissions has continued to grow (IPCC 2...
psychology/27954_1575e8dd929b770f_373.txt
An effective treatment to completely alleviate chronic tinnitus symptoms has not yet been discovered. However, recent developments suggest that neurofeedback (NFB), a method already popular in the treatment of other psychological and neurological disorders, may provide a suitable alternative. NFB is a non-invasive meth...
psychology/20437_6c2be0a104c001a2_0.txt
I often get asked specifically if there’s some paper or book out there in the Critical Social Justice literature that prohibits or discourages debate and conversation with people who don’t already agree with them. I honestly don’t know. I’ve looked in a cursory fashion and haven’t found one, but, then, Critical Social ...
psychology/28344_6c97da241d1c5fe5_90.txt
The scanner holds me hostage to a red-faced embarrassment; the memory of an endless block, jaw locked d around an \*r\* or \*d\*, the creeping purple of my eyelids which I had shut so that I was no longer confronting the confused gaze of a cashier as it burned my cheeks. This is the series of images that rolls through ...
psychology/18034_e93a30185c43cb0d_373.txt
Current theories of emotion suggest that threat-related stimuli are first processed via an automatically engaged neural mechanism, which occurs outside conscious awareness. This mechanism operates in conjunction with a slower and more comprehensive process that allows a detailed evaluation of the potentially harmful st...
psychology/4423_432ded9961b8582f_289.txt
**The Ultimate Fraternal Organization**Some people near and dear to me are trying to get me to join the fraternal organization they�ve recently joined. To become a member, I would have to take an oath and sign a pledge, and pay a yearly fee, for the privilege of associating with them, and with other members of the orga...
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MMBrightPsychologyIT2TRetrieval

An MTEB dataset
Massive Text Embedding Benchmark

MM-BRIGHT text-and-image queries retrieving reasoning-intensive technical passages in the Psychology domain.

Task category Any2AnyRetrieval (image+text-to-text)
Domains Academic, Web, Medical, Legal, Religious
Reference {MM-BRIGHT

Source datasets:

How to evaluate on this task

You can evaluate an embedding model on this dataset using the following code:

import mteb

task = mteb.get_task("MMBrightPsychologyIT2TRetrieval")
model = mteb.get_model(YOUR_MODEL)
mteb.evaluate(model, task)

To learn more about how to run models on mteb task check out the GitHub repository.

Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite the dataset as well as mteb, as this dataset likely includes additional processing as a part of the MMTEB Contribution.


@article{abdallah2026mmbright,
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  author = {Abdelrahman Abdallah and Mohamed Darwish Mounis and Mahmoud Abdalla and Mahmoud SalahEldin Kasem and Mostafa Farouk Senussi and Mohamed Mahmoud and Mohammed Ali and Adam Jatowt and Hyun-Soo Kang},
  eprint = {2601.09562},
  primaryclass = {cs.IR},
  title = {{MM-BRIGHT}: A Multi-Task Multimodal Benchmark for Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.09562},
  year = {2026},
}


@article{enevoldsen2025mmtebmassivemultilingualtext,
  title={MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark},
  author={Kenneth Enevoldsen and Isaac Chung and Imene Kerboua and Márton Kardos and Ashwin Mathur and David Stap and Jay Gala and Wissam Siblini and Dominik Krzemiński and Genta Indra Winata and Saba Sturua and Saiteja Utpala and Mathieu Ciancone and Marion Schaeffer and Gabriel Sequeira and Diganta Misra and Shreeya Dhakal and Jonathan Rystrøm and Roman Solomatin and Ömer Çağatan and Akash Kundu and Martin Bernstorff and Shitao Xiao and Akshita Sukhlecha and Bhavish Pahwa and Rafał Poświata and Kranthi Kiran GV and Shawon Ashraf and Daniel Auras and Björn Plüster and Jan Philipp Harries and Loïc Magne and Isabelle Mohr and Mariya Hendriksen and Dawei Zhu and Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef and Tom Aarsen and Jan Kostkan and Konrad Wojtasik and Taemin Lee and Marek Šuppa and Crystina Zhang and Roberta Rocca and Mohammed Hamdy and Andrianos Michail and John Yang and Manuel Faysse and Aleksei Vatolin and Nandan Thakur and Manan Dey and Dipam Vasani and Pranjal Chitale and Simone Tedeschi and Nguyen Tai and Artem Snegirev and Michael Günther and Mengzhou Xia and Weijia Shi and Xing Han Lù and Jordan Clive and Gayatri Krishnakumar and Anna Maksimova and Silvan Wehrli and Maria Tikhonova and Henil Panchal and Aleksandr Abramov and Malte Ostendorff and Zheng Liu and Simon Clematide and Lester James Miranda and Alena Fenogenova and Guangyu Song and Ruqiya Bin Safi and Wen-Ding Li and Alessia Borghini and Federico Cassano and Hongjin Su and Jimmy Lin and Howard Yen and Lasse Hansen and Sara Hooker and Chenghao Xiao and Vaibhav Adlakha and Orion Weller and Siva Reddy and Niklas Muennighoff},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.13595},
  year={2025},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13595},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2502.13595},
}

@article{muennighoff2022mteb,
  author = {Muennighoff, Niklas and Tazi, Nouamane and Magne, Loïc and Reimers, Nils},
  title = {MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.07316},
  year = {2022}
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07316},
  doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2210.07316},
}

Dataset Statistics

Dataset Statistics

The following code contains the descriptive statistics from the task. These can also be obtained using:

import mteb

task = mteb.get_task("MMBrightPsychologyIT2TRetrieval")

desc_stats = task.metadata.descriptive_stats
{
    "test": {
        "num_samples": 328566,
        "num_queries": 46,
        "num_documents": 328520,
        "number_of_characters": 694199156,
        "documents_text_statistics": {
            "total_text_length": 694128143,
            "min_text_length": 50,
            "average_text_length": 2112.894627419944,
            "max_text_length": 3358067,
            "unique_texts": 269081
        },
        "documents_image_statistics": null,
        "documents_audio_statistics": null,
        "documents_video_statistics": null,
        "queries_text_statistics": {
            "total_text_length": 71013,
            "min_text_length": 398,
            "average_text_length": 1543.7608695652175,
            "max_text_length": 6085,
            "unique_texts": 46
        },
        "queries_image_statistics": {
            "min_image_width": 200,
            "average_image_width": 666.8695652173913,
            "max_image_width": 2048,
            "min_image_height": 174,
            "average_image_height": 641.3478260869565,
            "max_image_height": 3779,
            "unique_images": 46
        },
        "queries_audio_statistics": null,
        "queries_video_statistics": null,
        "relevant_docs_statistics": {
            "num_relevant_docs": 148,
            "min_relevant_docs_per_query": 1,
            "average_relevant_docs_per_query": 3.217391304347826,
            "max_relevant_docs_per_query": 6,
            "unique_relevant_docs": 148,
            "num_missing_query_ids": 0,
            "num_missing_corpus_ids": 0
        },
        "top_ranked_statistics": {
            "num_top_ranked": 15098278,
            "min_top_ranked_per_query": 327459,
            "average_top_ranked_per_query": 328223.4347826087,
            "max_top_ranked_per_query": 328518
        }
    }
}

This dataset card was automatically generated using MTEB

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